When Jacob Pagel graduated from Middle Tennessee State University this spring, predictions about artificial intelligence already had him questioning the value of his degree. Then a music executive started preaching about AI’s transformative power during a commencement speech.

“This industry will change on you in a heartbeat. It has already changed more in the last 10 years than in the 50 years prior … AI is rewriting production as we sit here,” said Scott Borchetta, CEO of the record label Big Machine. After a few stray boos from graduates, he doubled down: “Deal with it.”

The students’ jeering grew louder, but Borchetta barreled through: “You can hear me now or you can pay me later … then do something about it. It’s a tool. Make it work for you.” He continued: “The things you learned in your first year here may already be obsolete.”

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Borchetta’s remarks were “a knife to the chest”, says Pagel, who studied political science and human development family sciences. He felt the boos reflected how annoyed students were about what they saw as out-of-touch executives downplaying their anxieties about AI. A 2025 Harvard poll of young people in the US found that a majority see AI as a threat to their career prospects. Pagel and his peers are entering a job market where AI’s efficiency is already being used to justify mass layoffs. While it’s unclear which jobs may be entirely replaced by AI – and whether AI could eventually create more career pathways than it destroys – recent graduates are feeling betrayed.

“We’ve been pushed our entire lives to get our diplomas. Then you pulled the rug out from underneath us, and said: ‘Oh, you know those four years you spent learning how to do very specific things, you don’t need to do it any more,’” Pagel says. “We can get a computer to do it for two-thirds the price.”

Borchetta’s speech is one of several at commencement ceremonies this spring that have revealed a disconnect between the executives championing AI and students, eliciting derision in real time even for Google’s former CEO. Recent graduates at the University of Central Florida and the University of Arizona booed speakers who compared the advent of AI to the Industrial Revolution and the development of the laptop and smartphone.

Sarah Kreps, a Cornell University professor who has studied societies’ reactions to new technology, says: “These tech executives are not reading the room … These kids have spent hundreds of thousands of dollars on a degree that they don’t know will serve them well.”

These tech executives are not reading the room

The students at these ceremonies “are a mouthpiece for the population at large”, Kreps adds. While they may feel AI’s disruptive effects acutely as entry-level job seekers, AI has proved unpopular among the general US public. A national survey conducted for NBC News earlier this year polled 1,000 registered voters and found only 26% view AI positively and 46% view it negatively. AI scored worse than US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), Donald Trump and Kamala Harris on the same poll, but better than the Democratic party and Iran. Anger against AI is palpable across the country – from communities protesting against datacenters powering the AI boom, to workers disputing their CEOs’ claims that AI can, effectively, replace them.

Read More: US students on why they booed their pro-AI graduation speakers: ‘They’re not reading the room’